This examination is important in diagnosing endothelial pathologies and following-up, and in risk evaluation of certain surgical procedures.

The specular microscope allows observing the deeper corneal endothelium layer. This layer consists of a single layer of cells, whose main function is to regulate the degree of hydration of the stroma of the cornea, to maintain its transparency.

The observation of the corneal endothelium with the specular microscope allows analyzing the morphology and density of the endothelial cells and evaluating the risk of compromising the endothelial function which is fundamental for the maintenance of corneal transparency.